The song, as well as Anandmath, were banned under British colonial rule under threat of imprisonment, making its use revolutionary. By 1905, it had become a popular amongst political activists and freedom fighters as a marching song. It first gained political significance when it was recited by Rabindranath Tagore at Congress in 1896. Nonetheless, the poem played a vital role in the Indian independence movement. Indian nationalist and philosopher Sri Aurobindo referred Vande Mataram as the "national Anthem of Bengal".
This initially referred to Bengal, with the "mother" figure therefore being Banga Mata (Mother Bengal), though the text does not mention this explicitly. It is an ode to the motherland, personified as the "mother goddess" is later verses, of the people. The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel Anandmath. The first two verses of the poem were adopted as the National Song of India in October 1937 by the Congress. Mother, I bow to thee) is a poem written in sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in the 1870s. Vande Mataram (Sanskrit: वन्दे मातरम् IAST: Vande Mātaram, also spelt Bande Mataram বন্দে মাতরম্, Bônde Mātôrôm transl.
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